События

Фотореалистичные материалы "Часов"

2014-10-20

Введение

В данной статье я постараюсь разобрать нетривиальные моменты, с которыми я столкнулся при создании демо-сцены "Часы".

Статья ориентирована на читателей, знакомых с основными инструментами моделирования, текстурирования и редактора нодов (Node Editor) программного пакета Blender.

В качестве референса использовалась фотография из каталога (справа).

Далее рассмотриваются следующие вопросы:

  • Создание материала крокодиловой кожи, включая создание бесшовной текстуры и настройку блика.
  • Настройка материала золота.

Было очень важно выдерживать параметрический подход в процессе создания сцены, и этих двух объектов в особенности. Не раз приходилось отказываться от некоторых решений и начинать искать новые, поэтому параметризация позволила сэкономить много времени.

Крокодиловая кожа - создание бесшовной текстуры

В большинстве случаев получается использовать текстуры, взятые с таких ресурсов как CGTextures. После поисков подходящей текстуры я понял, что этот вариант мне не подходит и результат меня не устраивает. Поэтому я решил создать изображение, текстурой которого я смогу управлять.

За основу были взяты фотографии кожаных ремешков для наручных часов, а так же исходное изображение часов, по которым в программе Inkscape была задана основная форма чешуек:

Направляющие (Guideline) нужны, чтобы выдержать беcшовность текстуры.

Далее на основе этой текстуры в программах Inkscape и GIMP были созданы сопутствующие маски для различных деталей:

В процессе создания всех этих изображений они проверялись на беcшовность и по необходимости корректировались в Blender'е с помощью следующего простого приёма:

Создаём плоскость, увеличиваем эту плоскость и её UV развертку в 3 раза, назначаем плоскости материал и текстуру по развертке. Создаём вторую плоскость с параметрами, как на 4 кадре изображения выше. Вторая плоскость показывает границы изображения, и, кроме того, на неё производится запекание при сборке конечной текстуры.

Я собирал эту текстуру в нодовом материале (а не нодами композиции) именно для того, чтобы было удобнее отслеживать и корректировать беcшовность. Проявив немного изобретательности, с помощью нодового материала можно добиться интересных эффектов, которые можно использовать в дальнейшем в материалах самой сцены.

Нодовый материал текстуры:

Пункты, отмеченные на изображениях выше, показывают как преображается текстура после смешивания с другими текстурами и масками.

Таким образом, у меня получился материал, выглядящий как текстура. Чтобы получить из этого материала изображение, его нужно запечь на плоскость. На развертку этой плоскости должно быть назначено изображение необходимого разрешения. После запекания материала-текстуры получилось черно-белое изображение, которое я в дальнейшем использовал для создания карт нормалей, цвета и бликов.

Запечённая карта нормалей и чёрно-белая текстура в альфа канале:

На этом создание бесшовной текстуры закончено. Я пропущу настройку самого материала ремешка, так как это относительно простые манипуляции с текстурами, и сразу перейду к настройке блика.

Крокодиловая кожа - настройка блика

Прорабатывая блик, хотелось показать, что этот материал одновременно прочный и мягкий.

Как видно на изображении блик состоит из трёх частей:

  • Острый центральный блик (1) - выделяет мелкие детали.
  • Большой серый блик (2) - смешиваясь с первым бликом он смягчает его, делает материал визуально мягче.
  • Имитация блика от окружения (3) - этот эффект легко получить, создав маску следующим образом:

Такие и более сложные блики можно создавать, манипулируя с выходом Spec ноды Extended Material. Например, как на изображении ниже:

Блик в нодовом материале кожаного ремешка часов:

В версиях движка, начиная с 14.09, появилась дополнительная нодовая группа SMOOTHSTEP. Использовать эту ноду вместо комбинаций Power, Multiply и Squeeze Value гораздо эффективнее.

Материал золота

Платформа Blend4Web поддерживает проецирование текстур по направлению на камеру (выход Normal ноды Geometry). Таким образом можно получить материал типа "matcap" (сокращение от "material capture"). Именно такой принцип используется в материале золота в этой сцене.

Для того, чтобы материал выглядел как золото, необходимо сымитировать отражаемое окружение. Я сделал это, совместив текстуры с мягкими градациями цвета и контрастную текстуру.

В нодовом материале золота в блоке "color" происходит смешивание по маскам оттенков, выбранных для этой сцены. Воздействие этих элементов можно увидеть на анимированом изображении с часами. 1 и 2 кадр - это маски, в 3 кадре добавляется цвет, а в 4 кадре накладывается контрастная текстура.

Заключение

Как видно в этом уроке, с помощью нодовых материалов очень удобно создавать бесшовные текстуры, а также сложные, гибкие в настройке материалы, которые будут отображаться в браузере так же, как в окне Blender'а.

Исходные файлы демо-сцены "Часы" доступны в коммерческом дистрибутиве Blend4Web SDK.

Изменения

[2014-10-20] Изначальная публикация.

[2015-09-15] Иллюстрации обновлены в связи с изменением интерфейса

[2017-01-12] Небольшие правки текста.

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Dear Buyers, We provide small sample orders for new buyers, assuming you have been scammed numerous times and are seeking someone trustworthy to do business with. You have come to the right place. We prioritize building strong relationships over money. We are open to face-to-face meetings and much more.
We offer the most undetectable and top-quality counterfeit money for sale exclusively for you.
This is your chance to achieve millionaire status. Our money is flawlessly replicated, impossible to differentiate by sight or touch.
We offer notes in various sizes, discreetly packaged and concealed. Each note contains all necessary holograms, watermarks, and passes light detector tests.
We will discreetly deliver the money directly to your doorstep without any customs interference. We have a vast array of options available for you.
We understand that money plays a significant role in your life, and we are here to provide you with the means to acquire more wealth.
However, be cautious of unusually low prices. Some individuals may offer to send you a large sum of counterfeit money for a fraction of the cost. Beware of such scams.
Anyone offering a minimum order quantity below ours is likely a scammer. Do not contact us claiming to have been scammed or questioning our trustworthiness.
If you cannot afford our minimum order quantity, please refrain from reaching out. To attain wealth, one must be willing to make sacrifices. Only those who are bold and committed will succeed.
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I know you have been going through a lot in your life and trying it very hard to get more money. That's why we sell super notes to you so that you can benefit from this unavoidable riches.
Well you might as well fall into wrong hands who will demand lower amounts. I just want to let you know that beware of small prices.
People will ask you 100, 150 to send you a ridiculous amount of counterfeit money. Just beware my friends. I will say it again, any body giving a MOQ below mind is a scam.
Don't contact me saying you have been scammed or how can you trust me. I don't want to hear that because when you say that, you were just being careless.
Try to differentiate real buyer from fake on their various price tags. If you know you can afford my MOQ, don't even bother to email me.
To become rich, you must sacrifice and only the brave and serious ones will push through. So gather money and buy from me and i will make you proud.
Your journey to become rich starts with me. So use this opportunity. I am the Master of this artwork of counterfeit money making.
We ship and we are discrete. Are you a student and you don't have enough to pay your fees and feed? Are you a business man and you want to increase your business?
Are you looking for money, here is your chance to make that happen. We have a Minimum order quantity.
Please don't contact us demanding for something lesser than our Minimum order for we don't force or beg from clients. We have the money and so buy from us.
we are the best and Unique producer of Super Undetectable Counterfeit Banknotes and International Documentation Services with over a billion of our products circulating around the world.
We offer only original high-quality counterfeit currency NOTES. We ship worldwide. We also print and sell Grade A banknotes of over 150 currencies in the world.
Here is your chance to be a millionaire. Our money is perfectly reproduced, Indistinguishable to the eye and to the touch. We are sending in various sizes, packed and hidden.
All our notes carries all the holograms and water marks and passes the light detector test.
We will deliver the money directly to your home without the interference of customs We use latest technology to produce High quality undetectable banknotes that looks 100% identical to the real note.
This implies all security features present in the real notes are present in the note we make. Our team is made up of Quality IT technicians from Germany, Finland, Uk, US, Russia, India, Korea and China etc.
We offer high quality counterfeit NOTES for all currencies. Contact us for more information using the information below:
         (((((( BASIC CONTACT INFORMATION BELLOW ))))))
ICQ ID: ( 746820035 )
THREEMA ID: ( PFWFH8CD )
WeChat ID: ( J4918980 )
LINE ID: ( vitaly_lavrov )
SKYPE NAME: ( vip.72norbleman1514 )
Whats-App Number:…………((((( +1(403)908-0948 ))))) 
E-Mail Address:……..((( siralfreddexter@gmail.com )))
All Our banknotes are printed on 80% cotton 20% cellulose paper which differs substantially from normal paper. By using a special printing
technique, several picture elements on the front of the banknote are identifiable by touch. The guidelines on detecting counterfeit
currency give a comparison of genuine and falsified security features.
– Our bills/notes bypass everything, counterfeit pens and machines.
– Can be used in banks but can be used else where same like normal money
– We have the best HOLOGRAMS AND DUPLICATING MACHINES
– UV: YES
EUR – Euro
USD – US Dollar
DNR – DINAR
GBP – British Pound
INR – Indian Rupee
AUD – Australian Dollar
CAD – Canadian Dollar
AED – Emirati Dirham
ZAR – Rand
CHF – Swiss Franc
CNY – Chinese Yuan Renminbi
MYR – Malaysian Ringgit
THB – Thai Baht
NZD – New Zealand Dollar
SAR – Saudi Arabian Riyal
QAR – Qatari Riyal
We are Professional IT technicians and we produce SUPER UNDETECTED COUNTERFEIT MONEY for all currencies. Our notes are industrially
and professional produced. We use quality foil paper elements.20% of cellulose and 80% of cotton paper.Our bills have the Infrared
Detecton which makes our bills to bypass the UV machines, Pen test and even eye detection buy counterfeit experts.
Our notes are AAA+ grade Quality. We also sell and provide money cleaning services and solutions. We sell AAA+ SSD Black Money Solution
-Holograms and Holographic Strips
-Micro-Lettering
-Methalic Ink and Thread
-Watermarks
-IR Detecton
-Ultra-violet features
-See through Features
-Different serial numbers
These features make our bills to be 100% undetected,100% safe and secure to use in any of these areas: BANKS, CASINO, ATM, MONEY CHANGERS,
STORES. They are 100% Undetected.
Build trust in yourself when contacting me and don’t tell me about your past experience when you were ripped off. I believe that any
body who has even been ripped of because of counterfeit money buying went in for small amounts. We give you tracking number.
-Face to face Cash on Delivery will be schedule. Some people will want me to send my agents to them so that they can buy directly
but for me to send out my agents. There must be a minimum order you want to buy. 100,000 fake counterfeit notes for 15000 when it
comes to face to face buying.
– Email me or send me a massage on WhatsApp with your location and the currency you need. We offer high quality counterfeit NOTES for all currencies. Contact us for more information using the information below:

         (((((( BASIC CONTACT INFORMATION BELLOW ))))))
Whats-App Number:…………((((( +1(403)908-0948 ))))) 
E-Mail Address:……..((( siralfreddexter@gmail.com )))

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!! IF WITHIN YOU, YOU KNOW THAT YOU ARE ABOUT TO CONTACT ME AND WASTE MY TIME, DO NOT WORRY YOUR SELF BECAUSE YOU WILL BE BLOCKED INSTANTLY !
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